abstract：:The future of non-viral gene therapy depends on a detailed understanding of the barriers to delivery of polynucleotides. These include physicomechanical barriers, which limit the design of delivery devices, physicochemical barriers that influence self-assembly of colloidal particulate formulations, and biological barr...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Pouton CW,Seymour LW

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microdialysis can give simultaneous information on unbound drug concentration-time profiles in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) and blood, separating the information on blood-brain barrier (BBB) processes from confounding factors such as binding to brain tissue or proteins in blood. This makes microdialysis suitable fo...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Hammarlund-Udenaes M

更新日期：2000-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a cosurfactant. These systems are currently of interest to the pharmaceutical scientist because of their considerable potential to act as drug delivery vehicles by incorporating a wide range of drug molecu...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Lawrence MJ,Rees GD

更新日期：2000-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian immune system has evolved mechanisms to recognize and respond to 'danger' signals arising from pathogens. Among those danger signals are the unmethylated CpG dinucleotide motifs found in bacteria. At least some of the recognition of these sequences is through cellular components of the innate immune syst...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Scheule RK

更新日期：2000-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcutaneous immunization (TCI), the topical application of antigen and adjuvant directly onto intact skin, can safely and effectively elicit systemic immune responses in mice and humans against a variety of antigens. This novel method of vaccine delivery has the potential to provide a safe and convenient method by ...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Hammond SA,Tsonis C,Sellins K,Rushlow K,Scharton-Kersten T,Colditz I,Glenn GM

更新日期：2000-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Small G proteins or GTPases comprise a growing family of signal transduction molecules with inducible properties dependent upon reversible interactions with guanine nucleotides. Activation status of the proteins is characterized by preferential affinity for triphosphorylated guanine nucleotides, initiating signaling e...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Hopkins AM,Li D,Mrsny RJ,Walsh SV,Nusrat A

更新日期：2000-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of liposomes as drug carriers in treatment of various diseases has been explored extensively for more than 20 years. 'Conventional' liposomes, when administered in vivo by a variety of routes, rapidly accumulate in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). The inherent tendency of the liposomes to concentrate in...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Agrawal AK,Gupta CM

更新日期：2000-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Safe and effective hemoglobin-based blood substitutes may be advantageous over conventional therapies for certain clinical settings requiring short term blood replacement such as emergency resuscitation and hemodilution in surgery. Many advances have been made in developing these oxygen therapeutics, however safety co...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： D'Agnillo F,Alayash AI

更新日期：2000-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Since conventional liposomes tend to be trapped by the reticuroendothelial systems (RES), their use as drug carriers is limited when the targets are not RES cells. Therefore, many attempts have been made to avoid the RES-trapping of liposomes. Favorable results were obtained by a modification of liposomes with a glucu...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Oku N

更新日期：1999-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Orally administered anti-HIV drugs must be adequately and consistently absorbed for therapy to be successful. This review discusses the barriers to achieving oral bioavailability for the currently available anti-HIV drugs. Most reverse transcriptase inhibitors have good oral bioavailabilities. Didanosine bioavailabili...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Aungst BJ

更新日期：1999-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of lipid-based delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules has become a topic of intense research. Recently, much of this effort has been directed towards mimicking the characteristics of viruses that give them an advantage for the delivery of genetic medicines. One of the most desirable properties of ...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Fujii G

更新日期：1999-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In the drug development process, it remains a difficult task to regulate the entry of the drugs. However, recent progress in studies of the transporter-mediated influx and efflux of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including synthetic drugs, across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is beginning to provide a rational ba...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Tsuji A,Tamai I I

更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The administration of radiolabeled compounds with gamma-emitting radionuclides allows real time pursuit of in vivo behavior of the compounds by external counting of the radioactivity. If the compounds possess a specific localization mechanism to target tissue, the image reflects the specific function of the target. Th...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Arano Y

更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Several classes of vascular imaging agents are described: (1) liposome-based blood cell mimetics; (2) plasma protein mimetics; (3) small molecules that bind to plasma proteins in the circulation. The characteristic features of the different agents are described and critically compared, including the advantages and pot...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Bogdanov AA,Lewin M,Weissleder R

更新日期：1999-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Transdermal and rectal routes of drugs are very important as a useful supplement of oral routes and the direct exposing method of drugs when the systemic and local effects are required. The widespread use of parent cyclodextrins (CDs) and chemically modified CD derivatives (CD derivatives) for in-vitro and in-vivo der...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Matsuda H,Arima H

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An oral form of insulin has been the elusive goal for many investigators since the protein's initial discovery by Banting and Best in 1922. This paper will attempt to answer why this is the case by describing the substantial barriers to the development of oral insulin formulations. Following this description, specific...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Carino GP,Mathiowitz E

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the studies on skin electroporation carried out in vivo in animals and emphasizes its potential therapeutic applications for transdermal and topical drug delivery. In agreement with in vitro studies, transport across skin due to high-voltage pulses in vivo was shown to increase by orders of magnit...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Vanbever R,Préat V V

更新日期：1999-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:To guard against disease, mucosal surfaces of the intestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts are protected by a carefully regulated system of defenses known as the mucosal immune system. The hallmark of mucosal immunity is secretory IgA which can prevent infection and remove antigen crossing the mucosal barrier. Ig...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Simecka JW

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear import of macromolecules or particles is a strictly regulated phenomenon that is now understood in some depth at the molecular level. Transport across nuclear membranes is controlled by nuclear pores, with the involvement of cytoplasmic receptors and accessory molecules. Each nuclear pore complex is an assembl...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Pouton CW

更新日期：1998-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern pharmaceutical delivery systems are intended to produce plasma drug concentration versus time profiles that result in optimum therapeutic efficacy and a minimum of drug concentration-dependent adverse effects. To accomplish this requires that the drug delivery rate and temporal profile be based on the pharmacok...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Levy G

更新日期：1998-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells cultured in vitro will tend to retain their differentiated phenotype under conditions that resemble their natural in vivo environment, for example, when cultured on polymer scaffolds in tissue culture bioreactors. In this chapter, we define organized cell communities as three-dimensional in vitro grown cell-poly...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Vunjak-Novakovic G,Freed LE

更新日期：1998-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The incorporation of polymer-lipid conjugates, initially using PEG and subsequently other selected flexible, hydrophilic polymers, into lipid bilayers gives rise to sterically stabilized liposomes that exhibit reduced blood clearance and concomitant changes in tissue distribution largely because of reduced, but not el...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Woodle MC

更新日期：1998-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Gelatin is a denatured, biodegradable protein obtained by acid and alkaline processing of collagen. This processing affects the electrical nature of collagen, yielding gelatin with different isoelectric points (IEPs). When mixed with positively or negatively charged gelatin, an oppositely charged protein will ionicall...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Ikada Y,Tabata Y

更新日期：1998-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunotherapy is a powerful anti-cancer treatment modality. However, despite numerous encouraging results obtained in pre-clinical studies, a definite breakthrough towards an established clinical treatment modality has as yet not occurred. Antibodies against tumor antigens have been shown to localise at the site of th...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： de Leij L,Molema G,Helfrich W,Kroesen BJ

更新日期：1998-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA plasmid-based gene expression systems are being widely investigated for the potential treatment of genetic and acquired disease and for DNA-based vaccination. A number of human clinical trials are in progress using plasmid-based drugs. The regulatory framework that has been applied to biologicals such as recombina...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Eastman EM,Durland RH

更新日期：1998-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients with critical limb ischemia constitute a potential target population for therapeutic angiogenesis. Because the growth of new collateral vessels can be achieved in a time interval of 1 month or less, these patients are suitable candidates for treatment with non-viral vectors intended to yield short-term gene e...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Isner JM

更新日期：1998-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surface receptors play a central role in the regulation of both cellular and systemic physiology by mediating intercellular communication, facilitating protein trafficking, and regulating virtually all intracellular processes. Receptor expression is often cell specific and is determined by cellular lineage, genet...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： King GL,Feener EP

更新日期：1998-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas in vivo studies represent the most crucial test for any nasal drug application or formulation, mechanistic aspects of nasal absorption may be more clearly approached by well defined and controlled in vitro studies. In this review the progress of nasal in vitro models to investigate drug permeation and metaboli...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Merkle HP,Ditzinger G,Lang SR,Peter H,Schmidt MC

更新日期：1998-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) have made possible new approaches to the treatment of some hormone-dependent cancers and diseases and conditions which result from inappropriate sex hormone levels. In the fields of both gynaecology and oncology, the development of sustained delivery depot sys...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Maria Comaru-Schally A,Schally AV

更新日期：1997-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical development of orally active peptide drugs has been restricted by their unfavorable physicochemical properties, which limit their intestinal mucosal permeation and their lack of stability against enzymatic degradation. Successful oral delivery of peptides will depend, therefore, on strategies designed to alte...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： T Borchardt R,Jeffrey Aubé,Siahaan TJ,Gangwar S,Pauletti GM

更新日期：1997-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arthritis is presently incurable and poorly treatable, but there are good grounds for expecting gene therapy to improve matters considerably. Although local ex vivo delivery of anti-arthritic genes to the synovial lining of joints has shown considerable promise, intraarticular gene delivery may be desirable. Herpes si...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Evans C,Goins WF,Schmidt MC,Robbins PD,Ghivizzani SC,Oligino T,Marconi P,Krisky D,Glorioso JC

更新日期：1997-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) is a therapeutic strategy which aims to improve the selectivity of anticancer drugs. ADEPT is a two-step antibody targeting system that has benefits over a one-step chemo-, toxin- or radioimmunoconjugate. The basic principles of ADEPT are discussed alongside the require...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Springer CJ,Niculescu-Duvaz I I

更新日期：1997-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The description of irregular particle morphology and powder properties may offer unique insights into the performance of materials intended for use in dry powder inhalers. A number of mathematically similar approaches have been used to study these phenomena, all based on evaluating data in terms of irregular oscillati...

journal_title：Advanced drug delivery reviews

authors： Concessio NM,Hickey AJ

更新日期：1997-06-09 00:00:00